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cetraria lichen

Scientific Name: Cetraria

Family: Parmeliaceae

Category: Lichen

Growth:

Duration:

Other Names:

       

Cetraria and Cetraria islandica: A Botanical Overview

This page explores the fascinating world of Cetraria lichens, with a particular focus on Cetraria islandica, commonly known as Iceland moss. We'll delve into its taxonomy, distribution, traditional uses, and more.

Considerations for Pets

  • Cetraria islandica has a fruticose (branched, bushy) growth habit.

Scientific Classification

  • Genus: Cetraria
  • Species: A prominent species is Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss, Iceland lichen)
  • Family: Parmeliaceae
  • Group: Lichen
  • Synonyms/Alternative Names: Lichen islandicus
  • Taxonomic Rank: The text mentions Cetraria islandica var. polaris and Cetraria islandica subspecies crispiformis, indicating infraspecific ranks.

Distribution and Habitat

  • Most Cetraria species are found at high latitudes.
  • Cetraria islandica is a circumpolar lichen abundant throughout the arctic and mountainous regions of the northern countries.
  • They typically occur on sand or heath.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

  • Cetraria are fruticose lichens.
  • Cetraria islandica has an erect or upright, leaflike habit, giving it the appearance of a moss.
  • Cetraria islandica is a LICHEN growing to 0.1 m (0ft 4in) by 0.5 m (1ft 8in) at a slow rate.
  • The thallus color varies from deep brown to grayish white.
  • Some species, like Cetraria islandica, exhibit marginal projections and pseudocyphellae.
  • Cetraria aculeata has branches that are shiny and flattened with white pseudocyphellae in pits.

Traditional and Historical Uses

  • Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica) has been used since ancient times as a cough remedy.
  • It has also been used in European folk medicine as a cancer treatment.
  • It possesses both demulcent and bitter properties.

Ecological Role

  • Cetraria lichens associate with green algae as photobionts.
  • Lichens, including Cetraria aculeata, dominate terrestrial ecosystems of the Antarctic.

Interactions with Other Organisms

  • The text mentions studies on the ecophysiology and symbiotic interactions of Cetraria aculeata.
  • Studies investigate the genetic diversity of lichen fungi like Cetraria aculeata and their algal partners.

Chemical Composition and Properties

  • Chemical investigation of Cetraria islandica has led to the isolation of compounds identified as protolichesterinic acid and lichesterinic acid.
  • Cetraria aculeata contains protolichesterinic acid, which exhibits antimicrobial activity.
  • The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of C. islandica has been evaluated.
  • Cetraria obtusata contains secalonic acid C.

Resources and Further Information

  • European Drugs Reference Encyclopedia
  • Herbal medicinal products HMPC European Union herbal monographs
  • Biodiversity Heritage Library: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/100498
  • Lichens of North America (Brodo, I.M., Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001))
  • Toolik-Arctic Geobotanical Atlas maps