SafePlants

Hackberry: A Versatile Tree with a Sweet Secret

The term "Hackberry" can refer to several different plants, with the most common being Celtis occidentalis.

Common Names

• Common Hackberry
• Nettletree
• Sugarberry
• Beaverwood
• Northern Hackberry
• American Hackberry

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Celtis occidentalis
• Family: Cannabaceae (formerly Ulmaceae - Elm Family)
• Genus: Celtis

Distribution and Habitat

Celtis occidentalis is native to North America, specifically central and northeastern regions. It is widespread throughout the upper half of the eastern United States and is a common tree in Iowa and North Dakota.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• The Hackberry is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree, typically reaching heights of 40 to 75 feet.
• Younger trees have smooth, gray to brown bark, which later develops narrow, corky ridges and knoblike or warty growths.
• It is known for its many branches.
• Leaves are alternate, simple, and ovate, measuring 2 to 5 inches long with serrated edges.

Ecological Role

• The Hackberry serves as a host plant for Hackberry Butterflies.
• It can be infested by the Asian woolly hackberry aphid (Shivaphis celti).

Quirky Facts

• Despite being in the Elm family, Hackberry is a different genus.
• The name Hackberry originated from an unknown source.

Considerations for Pets

• Hackberry is closely related to trees from the Elm family (Ulmaceae).

Considerations for Children

• Hackberry produces cherrylike fruits.

Historical and Traditional Uses

Historically, the sugarberry and hackberry species were used by some cultures for food, medicine, fiber, and dye.

Further Information

• Arborday.org offers information on Hackberry size, height, growth rate, sun and soil preference.