SafePlants

Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja)

Castilleja, also known as Indian paintbrush or prairie-fire, is a genus comprised of approximately 200 species. Several species and varieties are referenced in the provided text.

Considerations for Pets

• Some species have milky sap.

Considerations for Children

• Some species have milky sap.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Castilleja Mutis ex L. f.
• Common Names: Indian paintbrush, prairie-fire
• Family: Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family)

Species and Varieties

• Castilleja sessiliflora: Downy Indian paintbrush, downy paintedcup
• Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don: Prairie Paintbrush
• Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don var. purpurea
• Castilleja purpurea var. citrina (Pennell) Shinners: Lemon Paintbrush, prairie Indian paintbrush
• Castilleja puberula Rydb.: Downy indian-paintbrush
• Castilleja indivisa
• Castilleja coccinea: Indian Scarlet Paintbrush
• Castilleja integra: Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush
• Castilleja austromontana: Rincon Mountain Indian paintbrush
• Castilleja affinis: Coast Indian paintbrush
• Castilleja ambigua: Johnny-nip

Distribution and Habitat

• Many species are native to North American Prairielands and the Great Plains.
• Prefers bright sites with medium-dry to medium-wet soils.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Castilleja purpurea is a subshrub forb/herb with a perennial duration.
• Colors vary from orange and scarlet to cream and yellow.
• Castilleja integra produces narrow, downy, whitish leaves.
• Some species, like downy painted cup (C. sessiliflora), lack the bright "paint" and have only green bracts.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• Castilleja coccinea (Indian Scarlet Paintbrush) is attractive to hummingbirds.

Resources and Further Information

• Dave's Garden
• TERMIUM (Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank)
• Garden Guides