SafePlants

European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)

The European hornbeam, scientifically known as Carpinus betulus, is a deciduous tree prized for its attractive foliage, symmetrical branching, and adaptability to various landscaping purposes.

Considerations for Pets

• Mentioned use as hedging and windbreak trees may indicate common presence in gardens.
• European Hornbeam is sold as Bonsai, which suggests indoor cultivation.

Common Names

• European hornbeam
• Common hornbeam
• Hornbeam
• Horn beech

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Carpinus betulus
• Family: Betulaceae
• Synonyms: None known (as stated in the provided text)

Distribution and Habitat

• Native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe.
• Also found widespread in London parks, Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus.
• Native to Europe and portions of the northern Middle East.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• A medium-sized, deciduous tree.
• Typically grows to 40-60 feet tall, but can reach 80 feet in some instances.
• Pyramidal shape when young, becoming rounded with age.
• Leaves are ovoid, 2 to 3 inches long, and turn yellow or dark red in the fall.
• Features crisp, clean green foliage during the summer, followed by brilliant yellow in the fall.
• Has handsome pleated foliage and a compact, symmetrical branching pattern.
• The trunk may be twisted, branching profusely.
• Ornamental winter bark and buds.
• Pendulous spring catkins.
• Fine and dense texture.

Ecological Role and Uses

• Used for creating dense hedges and screens.
• Functions as windbreak trees.
• Tolerates being pruned to create a fine, dense hedge.

Cultivars

• 'Fastigiata' is the most common cultivar, growing 30 to 40 feet tall and 20 to 30 feet wide.
• 'Fastigiata' is an upright clone that becomes more rounded with age.
• Carpinus Betulus heterophylla, a variety exhibiting wide variability.

Further Information

• RHS (Royal Horticultural Society)
• Monrovia
• Houzz.com
• English Wiktionary