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Horsehair Lichen (Bryoria spp.)

Horsehair lichens, scientifically classified under the genus Bryoria, are a fascinating group of lichenized fungi known for their distinctive appearance. The name "horsehair lichen" refers to the intricately branched filaments that make up their thallus, often resembling draped hair. Several species are referred to using this common name.

Common Names

• Horsehair Lichen
• Black Tree Lichen
• Edible Horsehair
• Bear Hair

Scientific Name

• Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Kingdom: Fungi
• Phylum: Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
• Class: Lecanoromycetes
• Order: Lecanorales
• Family: Parmeliaceae
• Genus: Bryoria
• Synonyms/Related Terms: horsetail lichen

Distribution and Habitat

• Horsehair lichens have a widespread distribution, particularly in boreal and cool temperate regions.
• They are often found hanging from conifers and, less frequently, hardwoods.
• Observed in locations such as eastern Washington and the inland temperate rainforests.

Morphological Characteristics

• The thallus consists of intricately branched filaments, creating a hair-like appearance.
• Thallus color ranges from pale gray to dark smoky brown.
• Slender strands contain long, narrow slits on the surface.
• Some species, like Bryoria furcellata (Burred Horsehair Lichen), have dark brown branches with short, pointed side branches.

Traditional Uses

• Some species of hanging tree lichens, including "black horsehair lichen," have been used as a traditional food source by indigenous groups such as the Kootenais, Salish, and Blackfeet.

Examples of Bryoria Species

• Bryoria fremontii
• Bryoria fuscescens (Pale-footed Horsehair Lichen)
• Bryoria capillaris (Gray Horsehair Lichen)
• Bryoria nadvornikiana (Spiny Gray Horsehair Lichen)
• Bryoria tortuosa
• Bryoria pseudocapillaris (False Gray Horsehair Lichen)
• Bryoria furcellata (Burred Horsehair Lichen)