SafePlants

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

The Sugar Maple, scientifically known as Acer saccharum, is a prominent tree species valued for its sap, wood, and vibrant fall foliage.

Common Names

• Sugar Maple
• Hard Maple
• Rock Maple

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Acer saccharum Marsh.
• Family: Aceraceae (Maple family) / Sapindaceae (soapberry family)
• Synonyms: Hard Maple, Rock Maple
• Symbol: ACSA3
• Note: Acer saccharum is closely related to Acer nigrum (Black Maple), and they are sometimes considered varieties of the same species.

Distribution and Habitat

The sugar maple is native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and the northeastern part of North America. It thrives in cool, moist climates, often found in regions with January temperatures averaging around -18°C (0°F).

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Typically grows to a height of 60 to 80 feet, sometimes reaching nearly 100 feet.
• Can have a diameter of 2 feet or more.
• Moderate to slow growth rate.
• Leaves are opposite, simple, and palmately veined, with 3 to 6 inches.
• In spring, it produces numerous yellow flowers, giving it a distinctive appearance.

Uses

The sugar maple is renowned for its sap, which is used in commercial syrup production due to its high sugar content. It's also valued for its wood and landscaping purposes.

Quirky Facts

• The sugar maple leaf is featured on the Canadian flag, symbolizing the tree's importance to the country.
• There is a variety of Sugar Maple (var. schneckii) in southern Illinois and areas further south that has leaves with softly pubescent undersides.

Further Information

• Arborday.org: Offers information on size, height, growth rate, sun and soil preference for Sugar Maple.
• University of Idaho College of Natural Resources: Alternative Tree Crops Information Series No. 8
• Ontario Trees and Shrubs: Photos and information on Sugar Maple.