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Horsehair Lichen

Horsehair lichen is a common name applied to several species of lichens, particularly those belonging to the genus Bryoria and sometimes Alectoria. It is also referred to as tree hair lichen or edible horsehair (specifically in relation to Bryoria fremontii).

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Primarily associated with the genus Bryoria. Also sometimes associated with the genus Alectoria.
• Common Names: Horsehair lichen, black moss, black tree lichen, edible horsehair lichen, tree hair lichen, bear hair, gray horsehair lichen, twisted horsehair lichen.
• Family: Parmeliaceae
• Kingdom: Fungi
• Phylum: Ascomycota
• Class: Lecanoromycetes
• Order: Lecanorales
• Synonyms: Horsetail lichen.
• Examples of species: Bryoria capillaris (Gray Horsehair Lichen), Bryoria fremontii, Bryoria fuscescens (Pale-footed Horsehair Lichen), Bryoria nadvornikiana (Spiny Gray Horsehair Lichen), Bryoria furcellata (Burred Horsehair Lichen), Bryoria tortuosa, Bryoria pseudocapillaris, Sulcaria badia (Bay Horsehair Lichen)

Distribution and Habitat

• Horsehair lichens have a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas.
• They are often found hanging from conifers, and less frequently from hardwoods, in old-growth forest habitats.
• Specifically mentioned locations include eastern Washington, the inland temperate rainforest of Canada, and upstate Washington.

Morphological Characteristics

• The thallus (lichen body) typically consists of long, slender strands that hang in clumps.
• The color ranges from pale gray to dark smoky brown.
• The strands often have long narrow slits on the surface.
• Consists of intricately branched filaments that often hang from trees.

Traditional Uses

• Certain types of horsehair lichen, like Bryoria fremontii, have been used as a traditional food source by indigenous peoples such as the Kootenais, Salish, and Blackfeet.