SafePlants

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

The sugar maple, scientifically known as Acer saccharum, is a beloved tree in North America, recognized for its vibrant fall foliage and the sweet sap used to make maple syrup.

Common Names

• Sugar Maple
• Hard Maple
• Rock Maple

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Acer saccharum Marsh.
• Family: Aceraceae (Maple family) or Sapindaceae (soapberry family)
• Synonyms: Hard maple, rock maple
• Symbol: ACSA3

Distribution and Habitat

Sugar maples are native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. They thrive in cool, moist climates and are abundant in states like New York, Ohio, and Kentucky. A variety, Acer saccharum var. schneckii, can be found further south, including southern Illinois.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Typically grows to a height of 60 to 80 feet, but can reach nearly 100 feet.
• The tree can grow to have a diameter of 2 feet or more.
• Leaves are opposite, simple, and palmately veined with 3 to 6 lobes.
• Features numerous yellow flowers in the spring.
• It grows well in fertile, moist soil.
• It has a moderate to slow growth rate.

Uses

• Primarily known for sap that is used for commercial maple syrup production. Its sap has twice the sugar content of other maple species.
• Also used for its wood and in landscaping.
• It is a favorite shade tree with reliable fall color.

Quirky Facts

• The sugar maple leaf is prominently featured on the Canadian flag, symbolizing the tree's significance to the country.
• In Wisconsin, Sugar Maple MX is the state's newest AMA District 16 sanctioned motocross track and hair-scramble facility.

Further Information

• Arborday.org provides information on size, height, growth rate, sun and soil preference.
• University of Idaho College of Natural Resources offers information.