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Rattlesnake Fern (Botrypus virginianus)

The Rattlesnake Fern, scientifically known as Botrypus virginianus, is a distinctive fern found across a wide geographical area. It is also commonly known as the Virginia Grape Fern.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Botrypus virginianus (L.) Michx.
• Synonyms: Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw., Osmunda virginiana
• Family: Ophioglossaceae (Adder's-Tongue Family)
• Originally known as Botrychium virginianum (Linnaeus) Schwartz.

Distribution and Habitat

• The Rattlesnake Fern is cosmopolitan and widespread.
• It is found throughout North America.
• It is also present on several other continents.
• Native to California and Georgia.

Morphology and Growth Habits

• It is a low-growing herb, typically reaching about 1 foot in height or smaller, though some can reach 3 feet.
• It is a deciduous or evergreen fern.
• Features a single sterile leaf, approximately 4-8 inches long and 5-10 inches across, situated on an erect basal stalk about 2-6 inches tall. This leaf is sessile.
• New fronds emerge in the spring.
• The plant exhibits ternate branching.
• Prefers partial to full shade.
• Thrives in dry to moist soil with a pH range of 5.6-6.9.

Quirky Facts

• The Rattlesnake Fern gets its common name from the fertile section of its frond, which bears a resemblance to the rattle of a rattlesnake.

Additional Information

• The fertile portion of the fern is a continuation of the frond.
• It is considered one of the easiest ferns to identify.
• It is the most widespread member of the Botrychium genus in North America.