SafePlants

Black Bugbane (Actaea syn. Cimicifuga)

Black Bugbane, encompassing species within the genera Actaea and formerly Cimicifuga, is a striking perennial known for its dark foliage and late-season blooms. This plant offers a unique aesthetic to woodland and shade gardens.

Considerations for Pets

• The text states that the plant is poisonous in some sources.

Considerations for Children

• The text states that the plant is poisonous in some sources.

Nomenclature and Taxonomy

• Scientific Name: Actaea (syn. Cimicifuga)
• Family: Ranunculaceae
• Synonyms: The plant has undergone taxonomic revision; many references still use the name Cimicifuga. Other synonyms include Actaea racemosa (for Black Cohosh).

Common Names

• Bugbane
• Black Snakeroot
• Black Cohosh
• Fairy Candles

Distribution and Habitat

• Bugbanes are generally found in rich, moist woodland environments.
• Specifically, Actaea racemosa, or Black Cohosh, is noted as rare in Illinois and state-listed.
• The text mentions the Appalachian Bugbane, Cimicifuga rubifolia, as found in the Appalachians.

Morphology and Growth Habits

• Black Bugbane are late-season blooming perennials.
• They exhibit a range of foliage colors, with selections like 'Hillside Black Beauty' and 'Black Negligee' boasting deep purple-black leaves.
• Plants such as 'Hillside Black Beauty' can reach 5 to 6 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide.
• Flowers are typically ivory-white and are held on slender spikes.

Ecological Role

• The odor of the plant is noted to repel many types of insects.
• However, it is also mentioned that the Spring Azure butterfly (Celastrina ladon) interacts with the plant.

Quirky Facts

• The common name "bugbane" refers to the plant's odoriferous insect-repellant properties.

Cultivars and Varieties

• 'Hillside Black Beauty': Known for its very dark, dramatic foliage and well-branched habit.
• 'Brunette': Valued for its large Astilbe-like leaves of purple-black.
• 'Black Negligee': Features lacy black foliage and striking black-purple stems.

Cultivation Notes

• Prefers part shade to full shade.
• Requires humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil.
• Needs consistently moist conditions. Leaf scorch may occur if the soil is too dry.
• Should be protected from strong winds that could damage foliage.

Further Information

• Dave's Garden provides a community forum for sharing tips and ideas.
• Portland Nursery and Garden Center offers Actaea Bugbane.
• Hallson Gardens is a nursery specializing in Cimicifuga (black snakeroot, bugbane).