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horsetail milkweed

Scientific Name: Asclepias subverticillata

Family: Asclepiadaceae

Category: Dicot

Growth: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Other Names:

       

Asclepias subverticillata

Also known as Horsetail Milkweed, Whorled Milkweed, Poison Milkweed, Bedstraw Milkweed, and western whorled milkweed, Asclepias subverticillata is a native plant with several common names reflecting its appearance and potential impact.

Considerations for Pets

  • This plant is also known as poison milkweed and is referred to as being poisonous to livestock.

Considerations for Children

  • This plant is also known as poison milkweed.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

  • Scientific Name: Asclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail
  • Family: Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family)
  • Synonyms: Asclepias verticillata (Note: While the text suggests this is a synonym, it's crucial to recognize that Asclepias verticillata is also recognized as a distinct species, whorled milkweed)
  • Common Names: Horsetail Milkweed, Whorled Milkweed, Poison Milkweed, Bedstraw Milkweed, western whorled milkweed

Distribution and Habitat

  • Asclepias subverticillata is found in the central western and southwestern United States, as well as Mexico.
  • It commonly grows in dense stands within pastures and areas surrounding hay.
  • It also occurs occasionally throughout upland prairies.
  • Primarily occurs south of Interstate 70.
  • It is found in Arizona's sycamore canyon woodland habitats.

Ecological Role

  • Horsetail Milkweed is considered a weedy, invasive perennial in some regions.
  • It is a crucial food source for larval butterflies, especially the monarch butterfly. Female monarchs search for milkweed to lay their eggs.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

  • Asclepias subverticillata is an erect-stemmed perennial rhizomatous herb, growing up to 5 feet tall, though plants can be mostly 12 to 24 inches.
  • The leaves are narrow and arranged in whorls of three or paired opposite, with margins rolled backward. They are also described as soft and threadlike.
  • It has rounded clusters of small white flowers that bloom in midsummer.
  • It frequently has dwarf, lateral shoots in at least some of the leaf axils.

Interactions with Other Organisms

  • The Horsetail Milkweed Longhorn (Tetraopes discoideus) feeds on Whorled Milkweed.
  • The plant also interacts with the Black and gold bumble bee (Bombus).
  • It is a deer-resistant food for larval butterflies.

Quirky Facts

  • The neurotoxin is specific to the whorled-leaf types such as horsetail milkweed.

Further Information

  • Dave's Garden is referenced as a resource for garden tips and ideas.
  • ISM Herbarium contains distribution of Asclepias verticillata specimens.
  • Discover Life has a page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Asclepias subverticillata.