SafePlants

Yarrow: A Deep Dive into Achillea millefolium and its Varieties

Yarrow, known scientifically as Achillea millefolium, is a fascinating plant with a rich history and widespread distribution. This article explores the characteristics, taxonomy, and ecological role of yarrow, with a particular focus on the boreal yarrow variety (Achillea millefolium var. borealis).

Considerations for Pets

• The text mentions that the foliage of yarrow is sometimes eaten, indicating it contains substances that could be ingested by animals.

Considerations for Children

• The text mentions that the foliage of yarrow is sometimes eaten, indicating it contains substances that could be ingested by children.

Nomenclature and Taxonomy

• Scientific Name: Achillea millefolium L.
• Common Names: Yarrow, Boreal yarrow, California yarrow, Giant yarrow, Coast yarrow, Western yarrow, Pacific yarrow.
• Family: Asteraceae (also known as Compositae or Daisy family)
• Taxonomic Rank: Variety (e.g., Achillea millefolium var. borealis)
• Synonyms: Achillea borealis Bong., Achillea millefolium ssp. borealis
• Varieties: Achillea millefolium var. arenicola (Heller) Nobs, Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis, Achillea millefolium var. pacifica

Distribution and Habitat

• Yarrow is found throughout the temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere.
• It commonly grows along roadsides, in moist meadows, and in openings in boreal woods or parklands.
• Boreal yarrow is native to British Columbia (BC).
• It is also found in Alaska, in meadows and fields, in both wet and dry areas, growing on soil and gravel.
• Specific locations mentioned include the Cape Bathurst Peninsula along the shores of the Arctic Ocean and Northern Boreal Mountains, Southern Interior Mountains, and Subboreal Interior.

Ecological Role

• Boreal yarrow is a colonizer.
• It self-sows easily, potentially leading to increased presence in gardens or natural areas if flower heads are not removed.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Siberian Yarrow (presumably a related species or variety) has toothed leaves and flat-topped clusters of white flowers on long stems.
• Yarrow grows in well-drained, dry to moist areas in various elevations.

Traditional Uses

• Historically, a decoction of the plant was taken by the Costanoan people as a gastrointestinal aid.
• The text mentions the use of Yarrow to staunch bleeding.
• Yarrow leaf has been used to soothe toothaches.

Quirky Facts

• According to the Iliad, Achilles' soldiers used yarrow to treat wounds.

Further Information

• USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database