SafePlants

Sphagnum (Peat Moss)

Sphagnum is a genus of approximately 120 species of mosses, commonly known as peat moss. These mosses are well-known for their remarkable water-retention capabilities and their role in forming peat bogs.

Considerations for Pets

• Sphagnum moss plants are very small.

Considerations for Children

• Sphagnum moss plants are very small.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Sphagnum Linnaeus
• Common Name: Peat moss
• Family: Sphagnaceae (inferred from order Sphagnales)
• Order: Sphagnales (containing a single genus, Sphagnum)

Distribution and Habitat

• Sphagnum mosses are found in wet and boggy areas, typically with acidic (low pH) soil.
• They are generally not found growing in woods or in water that contains lime.
• They are widespread throughout the world, dominating many habitats.
• Specifically found in the North American taiga, Scotland and New Zealand.

Ecological Role

• Sphagnum is the most important peat-forming plant, holding the blanket bog community together.
• Without sphagnum mosses, there would be no bogs.
• They play a vital role in carbon sequestration, absorbing and holding CO2.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Sphagnum moss plants are very small but grow together in close proximity, forming spongy carpets.
• They can create 'hummocks' when growing together to form large mounds up to a meter high.
• Living and dead plants can hold large quantities of water inside their cells, potentially holding 16-26 times their dry weight, depending on the species. Some sources claim it can hold up to 20 times its own weight.

Interesting Facts

• Millions of wound dressings were made from Sphagnum moss during World War I (1914-1918) due to its absorbent properties.

Further Information

• Scottish Natural Heritage and Forestry Commission
• IUCN UK Peatland Programme
• Field Studies Council
• Amgueddfa Cymru-National Museum Wales
• Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss Association (CSPMA)