SafePlants

Splachnum ampullaceum: Small Capsule Dung Moss

Splachnum ampullaceum, commonly known as Small Capsule Dung Moss, is a fascinating member of the moss family. Its unique adaptations and life cycle make it a particularly interesting plant.

Considerations for Pets and Children

• This moss features small capsules.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw.
• Common Names: Small Capsule Dung Moss, Cruet Collar-moss, Purple-vased stink moss
• Family: Splachnaceae
• Group: Moss
• Taxonomic Rank: Species
• Symbol: SPAM5

Distribution and Habitat

• This moss grows on dung or other animal substrates.
• Favored habitats are fresh herbivore dung.

Ecological Role

• Splachnum ampullaceum is coprophilous, meaning it thrives on dung.
• Flies are attracted to the moss and carry its spores to new dung sources.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Mosses are typically small flowerless plants that grow in dense green clumps or mats.
• Spores are produced in a capsule at the top of a stalk (sporophyte).
• Capsule is smaller than the apophysis.
• Plants are small to medium-sized, green, yellowish, or sometimes brownish, and acrocarpous.
• Capsules are erect, exserted, symmetric or slightly curved, with an elongate neck.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• Spore dispersal is primarily by dung- or carrion-attracted insects (entomophilous).
• Flies are attracted to the moss to disperse its spores.

Quirky Facts

• The capsules of Splachnum ampullaceum are modified to attract coprophilous flies.
• The dark purplish capsule atop the long stalk emits odors similar to dung or carrion in some species.
• Spores of dung mosses are small and sticky.
• Some species have brightly colored capsules or a sticky spore mass.

Further Information

• USDA PLANTS database
• Hidden Forest (for capsule photos): http://www.hiddenforest.co.nz/bryophytes/mosses/photos/intro06.htm