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shell lichen
Scientific Name: Arthopyrenia
Family: Arthopyreniaceae
Category: Lichen
Growth:
Duration:
Other Names:
Shell Lichen
The text refers to various lichens commonly known as "Shell Lichen." This name appears to be applied broadly to lichens that grow on or resemble shells, or are found in coastal areas.
Scientific Nomenclature
- Scientific Name: The texts mention several species with "Arthopyrenia" as the genus. Specific species mentioned include:
- Arthopyrenia plumbaria
- Arthopyrenia cinchonae
- Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa
- Arthopyrenia malaccitula
- Family: Arthopyreniaceae
- Kingdom: Fungi (in the case of Arthopyrenia malaccitula)
- Alternative Scientific Names/Synonyms: Acrocordia gemmata, Acrocordie bulbifre
Considerations for Pets
- Some texts mention that snails graze on shell lichen. Although not definitively toxic, if pets ingest snails carrying shell lichen, there might be unknown risks.
Considerations for Children
- Some texts mention shell lichen growing in rocky areas or on shells. Children exploring these habitats might be tempted to handle these, and there might be unknown risks due to environmental contaminants.
Distribution and Habitat
- Shell lichens are found in various locations, including coastal areas.
- One text specifically mentions the Miranda coast in New Zealand.
- Another mentions Allegany Co., Maryland.
- Some species, like Thelidium litorale, are found on shells of intertidal organisms.
- Another text specifically mentions the Scottish Highlands as a location where lichen and shells were found together
Morphological Characteristics
- Shell lichens are described as having a "lichenous" growth habit.
- Some are described as "crusty" or "shell-like."
- Certain snails carry "mountains of bizarre protuberances" of lichen on their shells.
Interactions with Other Organisms
- Snails graze on shell lichens, sometimes applying them to their shells.
- Limpets can have black lichen (Verrucaria mucosa) growing on their shells.
- Coleoptera (beetles) shell fragments have been found with possible lichen attached.
Quirky Facts
- Some snails "paint" their shells with lichens they consume.
Resources and Further Information
- Wikimedia Commons hosts images of "Salted Shell Lichen."
- Maryland Biodiversity features photos of Salted Shell Lichen.
- Information about similar species may be found at www.sararegistry.gc.ca.