SafePlants

Balsam Poplars (Populus sect. Tacamahaca) and Hybrids

The text refers to several poplar species and hybrids, focusing particularly on balsam poplars and their crosses with other poplars and cottonwoods. These trees are found in various environments and have a range of uses, from lumber production to windbreaks.

Considerations for Pets

• The text mentions "fat sticky buds" in relation to identification of hybrid poplars.
• The text mentions fragrance produced by the foliage of balsam poplars.

Scientific Names and Common Names

• Scientific Name: Populus sect. Tacamahaca (balsam poplars), Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar)
• Common Names: Balsam poplar, bam, bamtree, eastern balsam-poplar, hybrid balsam poplar

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Family: Not explicitly stated but implied to be within the Populus genus, which belongs to the Salicaceae family (based on general botanical knowledge).
• The text refers to various hybrids, including:
  • Populus x canadensis (a black poplar hybrid)
  • Populus trichocarpa x balsamifera = P. 'Balsam Spire' (Hybrid Balsam-poplar)
  • Populus x brayshawii
• Synonyms/Alternative Names: Populus candicans (name usage varies).

Distribution and Habitat

• Black poplar (P. nigra) is native to southern Britain.
• Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) is described as the northernmost American hardwood.
• Mention of locations such as Burscough, Lancs, an alluvial terrace west of St. John, and Minnesota suggest a broad distribution across North America and Europe.
• Grows along river valleys and in old-growth stands.

Ecological Role

• Hybrid poplars are sometimes found escaping from cultivation.
• Mentioned as major components of specific regional ecosystems.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Lombardy poplar grows in a pyramid shape, while balsam poplar exhibits a different growth habit.
• One hybrid, 'Prince George', is noted for its dark leaves and rich yellow fall color.
• The "balsam" smell and presence of hairless twigs are used to help identify hybrid balsam poplars.
• The fat sticky buds of the trees emit a very powerful smell.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• Associated tree species include subalpine fir and white spruce (and their hybrids).
• The text notes hybrids formed with Dark-leaved Willow (Salix myrsinifolia).

Uses

• Balsam poplar hybrids have potential for lumber production.
• Hybrid poplars are used for pulpwood.
• Also serve as windbreaks.

Further Information

• The RHS (Royal Horticultural Society) is mentioned as a source of information on Populus 'Balsam Spire'.
• Greg Powell maintains a student resource for Holme Lacy College related to poplar and cherry laurel hedging.