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western spruce dwarf mistletoe

Scientific Name: Arceuthobium microcarpum

Family: Viscaceae

Category: Dicot

Growth: Subshrub, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Other Names:

       

Western Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe

The Western Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe, scientifically known as Arceuthobium microcarpum, is a parasitic flowering plant primarily affecting spruce trees in the western United States. It is also referred to as just "Western Spruce Mistletoe" or "Dwarf Mistletoe".

Considerations for Pets and Children

  • Dwarf mistletoes are mentioned as growing on stems.
  • The plant produces shoots that are 2.5 inches long.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

  • Scientific Name: Arceuthobium microcarpum
  • Family: Viscaceae
  • Synonyms: Arceuthobium campylopodum (as an accepted name)
  • Subspecies: Arceuthobium microcarpum subsp. aristatae
  • Related Species: Arceuthobium americanum (Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe), Arceuthobium tsugense (Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe), Arceuthobium pusillum (Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe), Arceuthobium laricis (Western Larch Dwarf Mistletoe), Arceuthobium vaginatum (Sheathed/Southwestern Dwarf Mistletoe)

Distribution and Habitat

  • Primarily found in Arizona and New Mexico.
  • Common in the western United States, including areas of Idaho, western Colorado, Washington, and Oregon.
  • Frequently infests mountain forests where Engelmann spruce and blue spruce are present.

Ecological Role

  • Parasitic flowering plant that infects conifers.
  • Can cause significant mortality in spruce stands, with heavily infested stands experiencing two to five times greater mortality than healthy stands.
  • Its presence can lead to changes in forest composition, such as spruce replacing lodgepole pine.
  • Often co-occurs with other mistletoes like Phorodendron juniperinum in pion-juniper woodlands.
  • Vulnerability to dwarf mistletoe is considered an important factor in forest health assessments.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

  • Parasitic plant growing on stems of conifers.
  • Produces "witches' brooms" on infected trees, which are a characteristic symptom of infection.
  • Shoots can be yellow to olive-green (2.5 inches).

Interactions with Other Organisms

  • Host-specific, primarily infecting spruce trees.
  • Impacted by spruce bark beetles and western spruce budworm, which can exacerbate the effects of mistletoe infection.
  • Green spruce aphid feeding occurs in late.