SafePlants

Giant Cane (Arundo donax)

Giant cane, scientifically known as Arundo donax, is a tall, perennial grass with several common names, including giant reed, wild cane, Spanish cane, Colorado River reed, Carrizo, and Arundo grass. It is also known as canne de Provence, grand roseau, jonc ordinaire, and roseau in other languages.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Arundo donax
• Family: Poaceae (or Gramineae - Grass family)
• Synonyms: Arundo maxima (mentioned as a synonym)
• Note: Arundinaria gigantea is mentioned, but it refers to River cane/Switch cane and is separate from Arundo donax.

Distribution and Habitat

Arundo donax is native to Asia and is widespread throughout the Mediterranean region. It has also been introduced into the U.S. (early 1800s) and southeastern North America as an ornamental plant. Giant cane grows in damp soils, whether fresh or moderately saline, and is found in riparian corridors and river banks. In the US, it can be found from Florida to Texas, north to Kansas.

Ecological Role

Giant reed is considered invasive in some regions. It invades riparian areas, altering hydrology, nutrient cycling, and the fire regime, potentially displacing native species. It is also noted that Arundo donax is considered to be one of the invasive species of grass.

Morphological Characteristics

• Giant cane is a tall, cane-like perennial grass, reaching heights of over 20 feet (some sources state 9-30 feet).
• It grows in many-stemmed, cane-like clumps.
• It spreads from horizontal rootstocks (rhizomatous running bamboo).

Uses

• Historically, Giant Reed has been used for erosion control in flood channels and as windbreaks.
• The plant is also explored for its potential in renewable fuels and bio-energy production.
• Its culms have multiple uses.