SafePlants

Southern Wax Myrtle (Myrica cerifera)

Myrica cerifera, commonly known as Southern Wax Myrtle or Southern Bayberry, is a versatile evergreen shrub or small tree that adds beauty and fragrance to landscapes across North and Central America, and the Caribbean. Its adaptability and attractive foliage make it a popular choice for gardens and naturalized areas alike.

Common Names

• Southern Wax Myrtle
• Southern Bayberry
• Wax Myrtle
• Candleberry
• Bayberry Tree
• Tallow Shrub

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Myrica cerifera L.
• Family: Myricaceae (Wax Myrtle Family or Bayberry Family)
• Synonym: Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small

Distribution and Habitat

This species is native to North and Central America, including Florida (including the Keys), and the Caribbean. It is commonly found in wetlands and various regions of Alabama. In the area of southern tidewater Virginia, it is a salt-tolerant shrub.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Typically grows as a multi-trunked shrub reaching 6-12 ft in height, but can mature into a small tree up to 20-25 ft.
• Fast-growing, reaching up to 9 meters (approximately 29 feet) in height and 3 meters (approximately 9 feet) in width.
• Features light olive-green, aromatic, evergreen foliage, approximately 3 inches long with irregular teeth.
• Leaves are simple, alternate, evergreen, and aromatic.

Ecological Role

Well-suited as a buffer plant, this adaptable species is also salt-tolerant and is valued for its ability to thrive in a range of conditions, including areas where other plants may struggle.

Uses

• Ornamental plant used as an accent or specimen shrub or small tree.
• Used as a large shrubbery screen or small tree.
• Fruits are relished by many birds.
• Historically used to produce wax for scented candles, with colonists exporting bayberry candles to Europe.
• Leaves and branches were historically used for various purposes.
• Reported uses of Bayberry (likely referring to a related species) include reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and mucous colitis, as well as topical applications for skin infections and diseases (note: further research is needed to confirm efficacy).