SafePlants

Marsilea: The Water Clover

Marsilea is a genus comprising approximately 65 species of aquatic ferns belonging to the family Marsileaceae. These plants have an unusual appearance, often not resembling typical ferns.

Considerations for Pets

• This plant is commonly grown as an aquarium plant.

Considerations for Children

• This plant is commonly grown as a pond plant.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Marsilea
• Family: Marsileaceae
• The genus is named in honor of Italian naturalist Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1656–1730).
• Common Names: Water clover, f-leaf clover
• Species Examples:
  • Marsilea minuta L. (Dwarf Water Clover)
  • Marsilea mollis B.L.Rob.
  • Marsilea crenata (F Leaf Clover Dwarf)
  • Marsilea hirsuta (Dwarf F Leaf Clover)
• Synonyms: Some texts list synonyms for individual species of Marsilea, but no specific synonyms are listed for the genus as a whole in the provided text.

Distribution and Habitat

• Marsilea crenata originates from the Asian and Australian tropics.
• Marsilea minuta is widespread in tropical Africa, from Morocco to Angola, including Madagascar and Zambia.
• These plants are often found in ditches, rice fields, and other stagnant waters.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Marsilea plants are small and aquatic.
• They can be grown emersed (out of water) or submersed (under water).
• When grown emersed, they sprout "f-leafed clover" leaves.
• Marsilea minuta spreads by sprouting runners and is often used as a maintenance-free carpeting plant in aquariums.
• Marsilea crenata is a miniature version with leaves that are approximately 1/2 inch across.
• Marsilea hirsuta is a great foreground plant that does not require special substrate or water conditions.

Cultivation

• Marsilea hirsuta thrives in temperatures between 64°F - 82°F.
• The F Leaf Clover requires high light conditions and water temperatures between 68-84°F for best growth.
• It prefers water that has a neutral pH but can tolerate a range of conditions.
• For carpeting purposes, plant 2-3 nodes as a plug or plant the whole string.

Ecological Role

• These plants can act as a living mulch, slowing water loss and minimizing weeds.
• They can help shade and cover the water surface.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• Marsilea minuta exhibits allelopathic potential, meaning it releases substances that can affect the growth of other plants. Research has explored its impact on rice (Oryza sativa).

Quirky Facts

• Some specimens of Marsilea from China appear intermediate between Marsilea minuta and Marsilea quadrifolia.

Further Information

• Encyclopedia of Life
• AquaBid.com
• Florida Aquatic Nurseries