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Lobaria pulmonaria: A Symbiotic Marvel

Lobaria pulmonaria, commonly known as tree lungwort, lung lichen, lung moss, oak lungs, or lungwort lichen, is a fascinating example of symbiosis in nature. This lichen is a composite organism formed by a partnership between an ascomycete fungus, a green alga, and a cyanobacterium, representing a symbiosis across three kingdoms of organisms.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.
• Synonym: Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Biroli.
• Family: Lobariaceae
• Group: Lichen

Distribution and Habitat

Tree lungwort is widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, including North America. It is often found growing on tree bark and mossy rocks, particularly in older forests.

Morphological Characteristics

Lobaria pulmonaria is a large, bright green, leaf-like lichen with ridges and lobes that resemble lung tissue or lettuce leaves. The genus Lobaria can measure up to six inches across. The upper surface has a veined pattern with ridges and depressions, giving it a distinctive appearance.

Traditional Uses

Historically, lungwort was used in traditional medicine for minor respiratory ailments. Due to its physical resemblance to lungs, it was once employed to treat conditions like tuberculosis and pneumonia.

Interactions with Other Organisms

As a lichen, Lobaria pulmonaria forms a symbiotic relationship with algae and cyanobacteria. It also interacts with bacteria, and these bacterial communities can be influenced by geography and habitat. It often grows on sugar maple trees.

Quirky Facts

• The common name "lungwort" derives from its historical use in treating lung ailments due to its resemblance to lung tissue.
• Lobaria pulmonaria is an indicator species for ancient forests, highlighting its sensitivity to environmental changes.

Further Information

• Discover Life provides information about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification, and distribution of Lobaria pulmonaria.