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Natal plum
Scientific Name: Anechites nerium
Family: Apocynaceae
Category: Dicot
Growth: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Other Names:
Natal Plum: A Versatile Shrub with Edible Fruit
The Natal Plum, scientifically known as Carissa macrocarpa, is a captivating evergreen shrub native to South Africa. It is also known by several common names, including Large Num-Num (particularly in South Africa), Amatungulu (in Zulu and other Bantu languages), and simply Carissa. Some sources may use the name *Carissa grandiflora*, but *Carissa macrocarpa* is generally accepted. It's sometimes confused with Karonda, but there are key differences between the two.
Considerations for Pets
- The Natal Plum belongs to the Apocynaceae family, which translates from Greek to "keep away from the dog." This name suggests a potential historical concern regarding canines.
Considerations for Children
- The plant has Y-shaped thorns.
- The plant has spines, even forked ones.
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
- Scientific Name: Carissa macrocarpa
- Family: Apocynaceae (Dogbane family)
- Synonyms: Carissa grandiflora is sometimes used.
Distribution and Habitat
- Native to South Africa, particularly the coastal region of Natal.
- Commonly found in coastal bush and sand dunes.
- Cultivated far inland in the Transvaal region of South Africa.
- Popular in Florida and California as a seaside shrub.
Morphology and Growth Habits
- Fast-growing, rounded evergreen shrub.
- Can be grown as a hedge.
- Typically a medium-sized shrub, reaching 5-10 feet in height, but dwarf varieties exist that are used as ground cover, growing to about 1-3 feet tall.
- Has lustrous, leathery leaves.
- Showy, fragrant white flowers resembling orange blossoms, especially intense at certain times.
- Produces plum-shaped berries, red to dark purple-black when ripe, containing flat brown seeds. The fruit has a bright red outer skin and flesh, often tapered or pointed at one end.
- The stems and fruit release flecks of something when handled.
Ecological Role
- Tolerates almost any abuse.
Fruit and Edibility
- The fruit is edible, tasting like a giant cranberry or sweet cranberries.
- Fruits are delicious eaten whole, including their skin and seeds.
- The fruit is often used for making preserves.
Cultivation and Uses
- Popular as a hedge plant.
- Used in commercial landscapes.
- Can be grown as an indoor bonsai tree.
- Varieties like 'Natal Plum', 'Boxwood Beauty', and 'Emerald Blanket' are slow-growing and can be kept small.
Interactions with Other Organisms
- Attracts birds and other wildlife, providing food and shelter.
Quirky Facts
- The Apocynaceae family name translates from Greek to "keep away from the dog."
Further Information
- Monrovia offers details and information on their Tomlinson Natal Plum.
- Dave's Garden is a friendly community that shares tips and ideas for gardens, along with seeds and plants.
- The Archives of the Rare Fruit Council of Australia has information on Carissa.
- W. Popenoe's book, "Manual of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits," contains information on Carissa.