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autumn olive
Scientific Name: Elaeagnus umbellata
Family: Elaeagnaceae
Category: Dicot
Growth: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Other Names:
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Elaeagnus umbellata, commonly known as Autumn Olive, is a deciduous shrub or small tree garnering increased attention due to its edible berries and its classification as an invasive species in many regions. Other common names include Japanese silverberry, umbellata oleaster, autumn elaeagnus, and spreading oleaster.
Considerations for Pets
- While one source indicates that Elaeagnus sp. (including Autumn Olive) is non-toxic to dogs, it is important to verify this information with a veterinarian or other qualified professional.
Considerations for Children
- The text mentions that Elaeagnus umbellata has thorny branches, which could pose a potential hazard.
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
- Scientific Name: Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.
- Family: Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster Family)
- Genus: Elaeagnus
Distribution and Habitat
- Native to East Asia, including the Himalayan region, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
- Introduced to the United States in the 1830s.
- Now found throughout the Eastern US and as far north as southeastern Ontario.
- Commonly found in pastures, hay fields, roadsides, and disturbed sites.
- Thrives in a variety of conditions, including low-fertility soils.
- The species has USDA hardiness zones 3-7.
Ecological Role
- Classified as an invasive species in many areas, including being on the federal invasive species list.
- Rapid growth and prolific fruiting lead to wide dispersal by birds.
- Competes with native plant species.
- Originally planted for erosion control and wildlife cover.
- Capable of fixing nitrogen, contributing to its ability to thrive in poor soils.
Morphological Characteristics
- Deciduous woody shrub or small tree, typically growing from 6 to 20 feet tall (approximately 1.8 to 6.1 meters).
- Has alternate, elliptical leaves with a silver underside.
- Thorny branches (mentioned in one source).
- Produces abundant red berries (occasionally yellow) with silver flecks.
Interactions with Other Organisms
- Fruits are widely dispersed by birds.
- Can be controlled using Roundup herbicide (glyphosate).
Quirky Facts
- The berries are exceptionally high in lycopene.
- It's described as one of the biggest "wild food secrets" in North America.
Further Information
- USDA's National Invasive Species Information Center offers a species profile for Autumn Olive.
- Prepare4Survival's board on Pinterest features ideas for foraging Autumn Olive.