SafePlants

Copal and Gum Copal: A Natural Tree Resin

Copal is a general term for tree resin that is in an intermediate stage between "gummier" resins and amber. The term "gum copal" often refers to resin specifically derived from various tree species.

Considerations for Pets

• Copal and gum copal are tree resins. Resins are often sticky and can be irritating if ingested or come into contact with skin.

Considerations for Children

• Copal and gum copal are tree resins. Resins are often sticky and can be irritating if ingested or come into contact with skin.

Common and Scientific Names

• Common Name: Copal, Gum Copal
• Protium copal is mentioned as a source of copal.
• Daniellia sp. is mentioned as a source of Gum Copal, with Daniellia ogea specifically referred to as the "gum copal tree."
• Agathis australis (kauri pine) resin is sometimes referred to as copal.
• Trachylobium verrucosum is also mentioned as a source of gum copal.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Family: Dipterocarpaceae (mentioned as a source of gum copal from Indonesia)
• Daniellia ogea (Harms) Rolfe ex Holland is a specific species, with "DAOG" as a symbol.

Distribution and Habitat

• Copal-producing trees are found in the Americas.
• Gum copal from Daniellia ogea is associated with East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia).
• Gum copal from Byrsocarpus boivinianus is found in dry coastal forests and damp miombo in southern Tanzania.
• Gum copal is also sourced from trees in Indonesia.
• Agathis australis (kauri pine) is native to New Zealand.
• Gum Copal resin also comes from the Bursera tree in the regions of southern Mexico.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Copal is a resin that exudes from trees.
• The kauri pine (Agathis australis) is described as the largest and most important tree in New Zealand and oozes resin from its bark, leaves, and cones.

Uses

• Copal resin is used as incense and for smudging, noted for its clean, light, and woody scent, sometimes with a fruity note.
• Historically, copal was used by cultures in the Americas as aromatic resins.
• Kauri gum (copal) is collected for making varnishes and linoleum.

Quirky Facts

• Researchers believe the Maya used copal because it doesn't catch fire as easily as chicle and rubber.

Further Information

• Information on Daniellia ogea can be found in the Encyclopedia of Life.