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terrestrial cowhorn orchid

Scientific Name: Cyrtopodium polyphyllum

Family: Orchidaceae

Category: Monocot

Growth: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Other Names:

       

Cyrtopodium polyphyllum: Terrestrial Cowhorn Orchid

Cyrtopodium polyphyllum, commonly known as the Terrestrial Cowhorn Orchid, is a fascinating orchid species with a unique growth habit.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

  • Scientific Name: Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Vell.) Pabst ex Barrios
  • Common Name: Terrestrial Cowhorn Orchid
  • Family: Orchidaceae
  • Order: Orchidales

Synonyms

  • Cyrtopodium flavum (Note: The text suggests that *Cyrtopodium flavum* is sometimes also referred to as Terrestrial Cowhorn Orchid, but it may represent a separate species)

Distribution and Habitat

  • Native to Brazil.
  • Has become naturalized in Florida, specifically in Miami-Dade County, although this may refer to Cyrtopodium flavum.
  • Can be found growing in locations like the Fakahatchee Strand.
  • Grows as a terrestrial plant, meaning it grows from the ground.
  • Can also grow as an epiphyte or lithophyte in certain conditions and locations.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

  • Grows as a forb/herb with a perennial life cycle.
  • Can be found as a terrestrial, epiphytic, or lithophytic plant.
  • Characterized by large fusiform pseudobulbs (in the case of Cyrtopodium punctatum, a related species), which resemble cigars or ears of unshucked corn.
  • Has white aerial roots.

Ecological Role

  • In Florida, the invasive cowhorn orchid (likely referring to *Cyrtopodium punctatum* or another species) has a specific pollinator.

Interactions with Other Organisms

  • Mention of ants' interaction with *Myrmecophila* species in association with Cow Horn Orchids, which is something to look further into in research.

Quirky Facts

  • The pseudobulbs of Cyrtopodium punctatum are said to resemble ears of unshucked corn.

Further Information

  • Discover Life offers a page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification, and distribution of Cyrtopodium polyphyllum.
  • Garden Guides provides information on growing the Terrestrial Cowhorn Orchid.
  • Florida Native Orchid Gallery (Author: Prem Subrahmanyam)
  • United States Department of Agriculture