SafePlants

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus)

The candlenut tree, scientifically known as Aleurites moluccanus, is a flowering tree with multiple uses and a wide distribution. It is also referred to as the Candleberry, Indian walnut, or Kemiri.

The genus name Aleurites originates from the Greek word "aleuron," which means "covered with flour." This refers to the fine hairs that give the kukui tree a flour-dusted appearance.

Considerations for Pets

• The plant belongs to the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), some members of which are known to produce milky sap.
• The plant produces seeds that contain oil.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.
• Family: Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family)
• Synonyms:
  • Aleurites triloba Forst.
  • Croton moluccanus L.
  • Aleurites commutate Geiseler.
  • Aleurites ambinux Pers.
  • Aleurites javanica Gand.
  • Jatropha moluccana Linn.
  • Juglans
• Other Common Names: Candleberry, Indian Walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Nuez de la India, Buah, Kukui Nut, Kuikui, Tuitui (Tonga), Lumbang, Candle Nut, He shi li.

Distribution and Habitat

• Native to China and the Indian Subcontinent.
• Widely distributed from India and China through South-East Asia, to Polynesia and New Zealand.
• Often planted as an ornamental tree, particularly in coastal areas, such as eastern Australia.
• Found in Hawaii.

Ecological Role

• Designated as an invasive species in some regions.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Aleurites cordata is an evergreen tree growing up to 7 meters (23 feet).
• It is hardy to zone (UK) 10.
• It is in leaf by January 12th.
• Flowering occurs from June to July.
• Produces large brown fruits with a thick rind, enclosing one or two large seeds (candlenuts).
• The Aleurites moluccana Candle Nut is A north Qld native, this large rainforest tree has a spreading crown of large leaves.

Traditional Uses

• Kukui nuts have been used to supply omega-3 oil.
• Crushed or roasted nuts have been used to relieve constipation.
• Sap has been used to help heal insect bites, sores, and other wounds.

Quirky Facts

• The genus name, Aleurites, refers to the flour-like appearance of the tree due to fine hairs covering it.
• Candlenut seeds yield tung oil.

Resources and Further Information

• Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) - Agriculture Handbook no. 679 by Elbert L. Little Jr. and Roger G. Skolmen.
• Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae) (Blumea) 44:80. Turrill