SafePlants

Japanese Dodder (Cuscuta japonica)

Japanese Dodder, scientifically known as Cuscuta japonica, is also referred to by common names such as Giant Asian dodder, strangleweed, devil's-guts, goldthread, and Tu Si Zi.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Genus: Cuscuta
• Family: Cuscutaceae (though some authorities may place certain dodders in a different genus)
• Synonyms: Cuscuta japonica Choisy

Considerations for Pets

• Japanese Dodder is described as a vine resembling spaghetti.

Considerations for Children

• Japanese Dodder is described as a vine resembling spaghetti.

Distribution and Habitat

• Native to Asia, specifically eastern Asia and Southeast Asia.
• It has been introduced to the United States, including California, Texas (Houston), and other southern states.
• Found in residential areas, wooded areas, and riparian areas.

Ecological Role

• Japanese Dodder is an aggressive, parasitic vine.
• It parasitizes host plants by penetrating the stems and robbing them of water and nutrients.
• It is considered a noxious weed and poses a significant ecological threat, potentially altering the composition and function of riparian areas.

Morphological Characteristics

• It is an annual, parasitic, twinning vine.
• Stems are circular, fleshy, and highly branched.
• The stems are pale yellow with red spots or vibrant yellow-green or gold in color.
• It is leafless.
• Vines are typically 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter.
• It is an annual climber, growing up to 1 meter (approximately 3 feet 3 inches).
• It flowers from August to September, with hermaphrodite flowers.

Historical and Traditional Uses

• Dodder seeds, also known as cuscuta seed or Tu Si Zi in Mandarin, have been used as an ancient Chinese herbal remedy.

Quirky Facts

• Despite being called Japanese Dodder, it is believed to originate from Southeast Asia, not Japan.
• One common name is "devil's-guts".

Interactions with Other Organisms

• It parasitizes a wide range of host plants, including ornamental shrubs, fruit trees, willows, blue elderberry, and wild plums.

Legal Status

• Listed as a Federal Noxious Weed.
• Listed as a noxious weed by the State of California.
• Subject to eradication programs in some areas.

Further Information

• Suspected sightings may be reported to the Sacramento County Agricultural Commissioner's Pest Hotline at (916) 875-6744.
• California Department of Food and Agriculture Noxious Weed Information Project page: links.sfgate.com/ZBED.