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black hawthorn
Scientific Name: Crataegus douglasii
Family: Rosaceae
Category: Dicot
Growth: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Other Names: MN (black hawthorn)
Black Hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii)
Crataegus douglasii, commonly known as black hawthorn or Douglas' thornapple, is a native North American hawthorn species.
Considerations for Pets
- This plant is armed with stout, straight thorns 1 to 2 centimeters long.
- The fruit produces dark blue to blackish apple-like berries.
Considerations for Children
- This plant is armed with stout, straight thorns 1 to 2 centimeters long.
- The fruit produces dark blue to blackish apple-like berries.
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
- Scientific Name: Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
- Family: Rosaceae (Rose Family)
- Plant Symbol: CRDO2
- Synonyms: Crataegus douglasii var. rivularis Nutt.
- Alternative Scientific Names: Cratgus Douglasii Lindl., Cratgus Suksdorfii (Sarg.) Kruschke.
- Taxonomic Serial Number: 24557
Distribution and Habitat
- Black hawthorn is native throughout the West and in the mountains throughout Utah.
- It is found near shorelines, streams, and coastal regions.
- It is widespread and common in the Pacific Northwest.
- It is present in Wisconsin, particularly near Lake Superior.
Morphology and Growth Habits
- Crataegus douglasii is a deciduous tree, growing up to 9 meters (approximately 29.5 feet) tall.
- It typically matures as a small upright tree to 20-30 feet tall but can also grow as a smaller thicket-forming shrub around 10 feet tall.
- It can form a shrubby thicket.
- Leaves are alternate, simple, and broad, measuring 2.5-5 cm long. They are egg-shaped, 1-4 inches long, with doubly serrate or lobed and serrate margins.
- It features showy, white flowers that bloom in May and June. These flowers give rise to dark blue to blackish fruits.
- The bark is rough and scaly.
- Branches are pendulous with dark, shiny, deeply serrated leaves.
- It is armed with stout, straight thorns, typically 1 to 2 centimeters long (some sources say up to 3 cm).
Additional Information
- It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender.
- It is shade intolerant.
Quirky Facts
- The text mentions a historical connection between the name "Black Hawthorn" and a steam locomotive manufacturer named Black, Hawthorn and Company located in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK.
Further Information
- USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center.