SafePlants

Reindeer Lichen: A Symbiotic Marvel

Reindeer lichen, scientifically known as Cladonia rangiferina, is a fascinating organism found in cold northern regions. Despite its common name, it is not a moss but a lichen, a symbiotic partnership between a fungus and either algae or cyanobacteria.

Considerations for Pets

• Reindeer lichen can grow in dense mats on the ground.

Common Names and Taxonomy

• Scientific Name: Cladonia rangiferina
• Common Names: Reindeer lichen, Reindeer moss, Caribou moss, Reindeer moss lichen, Deer Moss
• Family: Cladoniaceae
• The text also mentions Cladina rangiferina as a scientific name.
• A similar species is Tree reindeer lichen (C. arbuscula).

Distribution and Habitat

• Reindeer lichen thrives in extremely cold, northernmost regions of the globe, including Arctic and north temperate areas.
• It often grows on moors and heathland, forming extensive mats that cover the ground.
• It is found in locations such as Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States, and even central Florida (Cladonia evansii and Cladonia subtenuis).

Morphological Characteristics

• It is a light-colored, fruticose (shrub-like) lichen.
• The "antlers" consist of hollow tubes and resemble a reindeer's antlers when seen up close.
• It is bushy and branched, typically growing up to 8 cm (3 inches) high.
• When wet, it is soft and pliable; when dry, it becomes wiry and brittle.

Ecological Role

• Reindeer lichen is a primary food source for reindeer (caribou), moose, and other wildlife in Arctic and northern regions.

Traditional Uses

• In Scandinavia, it has been used in the manufacture of alcohol, although its slow growth rate makes obtaining it difficult.
• Historically, related lichens like Iceland lichen (Cetraria islandica) and sometimes reindeer lichen (Cladonia sp.) have been used to prevent various disorders.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• It forms a symbiotic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria, where the fungus provides shelter.
• Many related lichen species are also consumed by reindeer.

Quirky Facts

• Reindeer lichen is not a plant, but a lichen, which is a symbiotic organism consisting of a fungus and an alga (or cyanobacterium). Some lichenologists humorously describe lichens as "fungi that have discovered agriculture."
• Deep fried reindeer lichen with mushroom powder is a delicacy in some restaurants, like Noma in Copenhagen.

Further Information

• ARKive features photos and facts about reindeer lichen.
• Tom Volk has written an article on reindeer moss and lichens in general.
• The iDigBio and ARPO (Augmented Reality for Public Outreach) project provides lichen card content.
• Shutterstock offers stock photos, vectors, and illustrations of reindeer lichen.
• Etsy features unique items related to reindeer moss from independent designers and vintage collectors.