SafePlants

Reindeer Lichen: A Symbiotic Marvel

Reindeer lichen, scientifically known as Cladonia rangiferina, is a fascinating organism found in northern regions. Despite its common names, which include reindeer moss and caribou moss, it is not a moss but a lichen. This means it's a symbiotic partnership between a fungus and either algae or cyanobacteria.

Considerations for Pets

• The "antler-looking tips" could be tempting for pets to chew on, though the text does not suggest toxicity.

Nomenclature and Taxonomy

• Scientific Name: Cladonia rangiferina
• Common Names: Reindeer lichen, Reindeer moss, Caribou moss, Reindeer moss lichen, Deer Moss
• Family: Cladoniaceae
• Synonyms: Cladina rangiferina (implied)
• Similar Species: Tree reindeer lichen (C. arbuscula)

Distribution and Habitat

• Reindeer lichens thrive in extremely cold, northernmost regions of the globe, including Arctic and north temperate zones.
• They form dense mats, covering the ground "like carpet" on moors and heathland.
• Also found in central Florida, with species such as Cladonia evansii and Cladonia subtenuis.
• Physical characteristics: Alaska, Canada, and northern United States

Morphological Characteristics

• Fruticose lichen: light-colored, fruticose lichen.
• The lichen has an erect, greyish, branching structure resembling reindeer antlers.
• Bushy, branched lichen, up to 8 cm (3 in.) high.
• Consists of hollow tubes.
• Forms dense mats, with the top 1.5 cm being most significant.
• Airy carpet of antler-looking tips, soft and pliable when wet, but wiry and dry.

Ecological Role

• Reindeer lichen is a primary food source for reindeer (caribou) and moose.
• Logging and fire affect the responses of reindeer lichens (Cladina stellaris, C. rangiferina, and C. mitis) in lichen-rich forest stands.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• Symbiotic relationship between a fungus and either algae or cyanobacteria.
• Important food source for reindeer, caribou, and moose, influencing their diet and survival.
• Affected by logging and fire, which impacts lichen-rich forest stands.

Quirky Facts

• In Scandinavia, reindeer lichen has been used in the manufacture of alcohol, though its slow growth rate presents a challenge.
• Chef Magnus Nilsson made a dish of deep-fried reindeer lichen with mushroom powder.

Further Information

• ARKive (mentioned for photos and facts).
• Article by Tom Volk.
• iDigBio and the Working group ARPO (Augmented Reality for Public Outreach).
• Shutterstock (for stock photos).