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cup lichen

Scientific Name: Cladonia hypoxantha

Family: Cladoniaceae

Category: Lichen

Growth: Lichenous

Duration:

Other Names:

       

Pixie Cup Lichen and Other Cladonia Species

Lichens belonging to the Cladonia genus, often called "cup lichens," are fascinating organisms found in diverse environments. They are well-known for their unique morphology and ecological roles.

Considerations for Pets

  • Some Cladonia species have upright fruiting stalks.

Considerations for Children

  • Several Cladonia species are described as having cup-like structures.

Scientific Classification and Nomenclature

  • Scientific Name: Cladonia (genus)
  • Family: Cladoniaceae
  • Common Names: Cup Lichen, Pixie Cup Lichen
  • Examples of Species:
    • Cladonia asahinae (commonly known as the Pixie Cup Lichen)
    • Cladonia pyxidata
    • Cladonia chlorophaea (False Pixie Cup Lichen)
    • Cladonia coccifera (Elf Cup Lichen)
    • Cladonia borealis
    • Cladonia fimbriata
    • Cladonia cristatella (British Soldier Lichen)
    • Cladonia pityrea (Pityrea Lichen)
    • Cladonia monomorpha
    • Cladonia pocillum (synonym: Cladonia pyxidata var. pocillum)
    • Cladonia bellidiflora
    • Cladonia macilenta

Distribution and Habitat

  • Cladonia species are found in various locations, including boreal forests, rock outcrops (e.g., along the Eagle Creek Trail, Columbia River), and the Olympic Peninsula.
  • They often grow on moss, logs, at the base of trees, and in exposed subalpine sites with poor soils.

Ecological Role

  • Cladonia lichens serve as a primary food source for reindeer and caribou.

Morphological Characteristics

  • They are moss-like lichens with upright fruiting stalks.
  • Some species have cup-like structures (podetia) that are described as funnel-shaped or miniature golf tees, sometimes with corticate granules.
  • The "pixie cup" appearance features a small cup (approximately 1/2 inch high).

Quirky Facts

  • Some describe the appearance of *Cladonia* species as being shaped like "Shrek's Ears."
  • Historically, *Cladonia* species, when boiled with milk or syrup, have been used as a remedy for whooping cough and chest ailments.

Symbiotic Relationship

  • As lichens, Cladonia species are a symbiotic association of algae and fungus.

Further Information

  • ResearchGate features publications about *Cladonia* species.
  • The Lichen Society may have additional information.