SafePlants

Pixie Cup Lichen (Cladonia)

Cladonia, commonly referred to as cup lichen or pixie cup lichen, is a fascinating genus of moss-like lichens belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. Their unique morphology and ecological roles make them a subject of interest for both scientists and nature enthusiasts.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Cladonia (genus)
• Family: Cladoniaceae
• Common Names: Cup lichen, Pixie cup lichen
• Species Examples: Cladonia asahinae, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia borealis, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia monomorpha, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pocillum, Cladonia cristatella, Cladonia pityrea

Distribution and Habitat

• Cladonia species are often found growing on moss, logs, or at the base of trees, typically on the forest floor.
• They are also known to thrive in exposed subalpine sites, growing on poor soils and fallen logs.
• They are considered boreal lichens, occurring across the boreal forest.
• Specific locations mentioned include the Olympic Peninsula (Cladonia chlorophaea), Eagle Creek Trail in the Columbia River area, and the Pocono Mountains.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Cladonia lichens are often described as moss-like.
• They exhibit cup-like structures (podetia) that may be funnel-shaped, tapering towards the base.
• The podetia can be exteriorly clothed with corticate granules.
• Some species have upright fruiting stalks.
• Cups may be unbranched, round-toothed, and curled.

Ecological Role

• Cladonia species serve as a primary food source for reindeer and caribou.