SafePlants

Cup Lichen (Cladonia spp.)

Cup lichens, belonging to the genus Cladonia, are a fascinating group of moss-like lichens known for their distinctive cup-shaped structures. They represent a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae and are commonly found in various habitats.

Considerations for Pets

• Some Cladonia species form structures called podetia, which resemble miniature golf tees and may be tempting for pets to investigate.

Considerations for Children

• The small, cup-like structures of Cladonia lichens may appeal to children.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

• Scientific Name: Cladonia (genus)
• Common Names: Cup lichen, Pixie cup lichen, Elf Cup Lichen, British Soldier Lichen, Trumpet Lichen, Forest Trumpets
• Family: Cladoniaceae

Distribution and Habitat

• Cladonia species are often found growing on moss, logs, at the base of trees, on rocks, and in areas with poor soils.
• They are boreal lichens, commonly occurring across the boreal forest.
• Specific locations mentioned include the Olympic Peninsula, Columbia River (Eagle Creek Trail), and the Pocono Mountains.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Habits

• Cladonia lichens are often described as moss-like.
• They have upright fruiting stalks.
• They exhibit cup-like structures, sometimes described as "pixie cups" or "trumpet" shapes.
• Podetia can be funnel-shaped, tapering towards the base.
• The exterior can be covered with corticate granules.

Traditional Uses

• Historically, Cladonia, when boiled with milk or syrup, has been used as a remedy for whooping cough and chest ailments.

Ecological Role

• Cladonia species are a primary food source for reindeer and caribou.

Interactions with Other Organisms

• Cladonia lichens represent a symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi.
• They can grow in colonies with other lichens, such as Cladonia macilenta.
• They can be found growing among mosses.

Quirky Facts

• The podetia of some Cladonia species are humorously described as resembling "Shrek's Ears" or miniature golf tees.